WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. COVID-19 Coping Strategies - Case Western Reserve University Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. Data Collection Procedures Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. coping The ongoing stress and trauma of the COVID-19 crisis can take a serious toll on our bodies: creating tense muscles, headaches, digestive issues, difficulty sleeping, and even immunity problems. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. doi: 10.2196/22817. or funding contributions for the development Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Simon & Schuster. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. 2023. Point-biserial correlation P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Personality and coping. Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). These feelings are normal. Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Brief COPE Questionnaire University Student Well-Being During COVID-19: The Role of Now is my chance to help others. Top Tips To Decrease Coronavirus Anxiety & Improve Emotional Well Being, Strategies for Healthy Emotion Regulation During Uncertain Times, Owning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort, Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing, Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Another, Gaming For Mental Health: Using Video And Board Games To Support Wellbeing, Building Resiliency To Isolation & Loneliness: How To Increase Our Resiliency During The COVID-19 Crisis, Peer, Friend And Self Support In The COVID-19 Crisis: How To Provide Support For Ourselves And Others Through Times Of Fear And Isolation, Navigating Relationships During The COVID-19 Pandemic, Back to Normal or Not: How to Help Your Family Through COVID-19 Transitions, Herramientas Para La Mejorar La Resiliencia Y Apoyar A La Comunidad Latinx: Seminario Virtual En Espaol Dirigido Por La Iniciativa Que Hacer Ahora. Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. DURING Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Maslow's hierarchy of needs during COVID-19 There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. Do you have other coping strategies that have helped you reduce stress related to COVID-19? Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Partial eta squared was reported as the measure of effect size. Limitations and Directions for Future Research. Front. Penguin. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. Demographic Questionnaire Northwestern University. Limit your media consumption. Factorial structure of Brief COPE for international students attending U.S. colleges. Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Accessibility Coping During COVID-19: How to Support LGBTQ+ Youth To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. L = Loneliness. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. Commonly Reported Problems and Coping Strategies During Cleveland, Of course, its good to stay informed, especially 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. to the adversity. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking B., & Everette James, A. Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies During the COVID Gallagher RP. Listen to childrens concerns. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 26(3), 329347. If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. Objectives: To explore and describe the coping strategies used by student nurses during COVID-19. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). Perhaps youre juggling your childrens educational needs as well as your own. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Covid-19 pandemic-specific ptsd: Risk and protective factors McGonigal, J. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Int J Environ Res Public Health. International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Simon & Schuster. (2020, April 14). Coping Strategies as a Mediator Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? Skills Now is my chance to help others. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Data Analysis Procedure Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. The authors reported no conflict of interest government site. Aim of the Study and Research Questions All of these changes may have influenced students health Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. coping skills Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic as a College Student https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Another thing you cant control? A total of 806 university students from the United States participated in the study. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available from: Mackenzie S, Wiegel JR, Mundt M, Brown D, Saewyc E, Heiligenstein E, et al.. Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus health care. Further, they have negative associations with stress, burnout, negative health outcomes, and undesirable behaviors at the individual, team, and organizational levels (Avey, Reichard, et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2014). With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. The effect size of the change in well-being for PERMA elements was 38%, p2 = .380, a high effect size (Cohen, 1988). Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. Stress Health, 31(3), 180188. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). FOIA The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. of this manuscript. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. While modeling good behavior and staying safe yourself, recognize that you cant control what other people do. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. Coping strategies and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Avey, J. Disclaimer. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Stress associated with adapting to online learning presented particular challenges for students who did not have adequate internet access in their homes (Hoover, 2020). Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. (2012). Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). University students' strategies of coping with stress during the Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. The PERMA-Profiler (Butler & Kern, 2016) is a 23-item self-report measure that assesses the level of well-being across five well-being domains (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment) and additional subscales that measure negative emotion, loneliness, and physical health. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Students (1993). Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, 10.3390/ijerph18010355 Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio.